The logistics performance index of Ukraine is 2.98. It indicates a satisfactory performance - in general, traffic is handeled well, some flaws in certain areas are possible, but overall the logistics system performs reliably and is ready to handle predictable amounts of traffic.
Customs performance is rated at 2.69. It indicates a satisfactory performance - the customs clearance procedure is effective in general, although long time can occasionally be a problem; the customs system certainly does not discourage international business activity; documents and fees needed are usually publicly available.
Infrastructure quality in Ukraine is rated to be at 2.65. It indicates a satisfactory quality - roads, railroad, ports and other facilities are able to handle significant traffic at all times and are also suited to various types of transport vehicles and vessels.
International shipment quality is 2.95. It indicates a satisfactory performance - the services are adequate and the prices are not too high and usually accurately match the quality, although there is still room for improvement.
The competence of logistics service providers is valued at 2.84. The providers are competent - they ensure a good quality in their services, maintaining this level at almost all times; flaws, while still possible, are usually minor and don't discourage the further employment of the providers.
Tracking possibilities for shipments are rated at 3.2. It indicates a satisfactory performance - the tracking systems provide all the basic information as well as additional data about shipments; most of the times it also has a weel established cooperation with foreign and international tracking systems, as well as usually provides information in multiple languages.
Tracking possibilities for shipments are rated at 3.51. It indicates a satisfactory performance - most of the shipments arrive timely and within the scheduled time brackets; late arrivals are still possible, although uncommon.
In Ukraine, 100% of the population has access to electricity. Ukraine has 187 airports nationwide. There are 2,173,000 internet hosts in Ukraine. The number of road motor vehicles per 1000 inhabitants in Ukraine is 8.
Road network The total road length in Ukraine is 169,496 km (105,342 miles). Out of them 199 km (124 miles) of roads are classified as motorways, freeways, or autobahns.
Gas price On average, you would pay 1.17 USD for one liter of gasoline in Ukraine. One liter of diesel would cost 0.71 USD
The Republic of Poland, or simply Poland, is located in Central Europe and is part of the European Union. While the founding of the Polish state dates back to 966, Poland regained its independence and in 1989 made its way towards the advanced economy it is now. Poland is the eighth largest and is considered one of the most dynamic economies in the EU. It also has a leading school education system in Europe. Poland offers its citizens free university education, a universal healthcare system and state-funded social insurance. It is also a member of the Schengen Area, NATO, the OECD and the United Nations.
Poland is considered one of the most successful countries in the transition from communism to a market economy. The return of democracy was followed by the liberalization of the economy, the privatization of small and medium-sized state-owned companies and rapid growth in the private sector. Poland is the leading producer and exporter of apple concentrate and one of the leading producers of cabbage, berries and carrots. In addition to agriculture, Poland's most important economic sectors are coal mining, mechanical engineering and shipbuilding, glass, iron and steel production as well as food and beverage processing and the textile industry.
It is estimated that around 36% of foreign investment goes into manufacturing. Other attractive sectors for foreign investment in Poland are logistics and transport, financial services, and IT and data transmission. Also thanks to the growth of the Polish economy, the real estate market has attracted the attention of both domestic and foreign investors.
If you are considering starting a business in Poland and are looking for the most advantageous and profitable ideas, below are some of the most attractive sectors along with the benefits they can offer.
Polish IT and software development company The IT and software development sector in Poland is one of the most vital and robust industries with good fundamentals and further growth prospects. The Polish IT sector is considered to be the leader in the region, with the demand for qualified IT engineers constantly growing. The main reason and at the same time the advantage of starting an IT company in Poland is the huge human capital – highly qualified IT engineers.
Poland tends to excel when it comes to IT graduates – around 40,000 young people receive top-notch university education in IT and software development every year. The high quality of IT training is evidenced by numerous international programming competitions and rankings, such as B. Top coders. Polish IT specialists are in high demand not only locally but also abroad. Other advantages of starting an IT company in Poland are high product quality and low production and labor costs compared to other countries.
These are the main reasons why companies like Microsoft, Google, HP and IBM have opened their offices in Poland and other foreign companies are located in all major cities of Poland. The two most popular cities for IT companies are currently Warsaw and Wroclaw. Although some of the world's largest technology companies have entered the Polish market, there are still many opportunities and prospects for IT and software development in Poland. One of the reasons why this sector is still very encouraging is the rapid development and new products such as mobile solutions, cloud computing and blockchain technologies. In addition, Poland offers certain state aids for investors, and special economic zones are being developed to provide investors with all the technology infrastructure.
Polish R&D company The R&D sector in Poland is considered one of the success stories among EU Member States. The main players in the R&D sector are the Polish Academy of Sciences together with other higher education institutions and individual R&D companies. The Polish government also encourages R&D activities by funding special programs through which numerous investment opportunities for R&D projects are available. Meanwhile, Polish universities educate highly skilled workers, which is relatively cheaper compared to other EU countries.
Research and development activities are progressing in all major sectors of the economy, especially electronics, aeronautics, telecommunications and IT, biochemistry and biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and other innovative technologies.
The logistics performance index of Montenegro is 2.88. This indicates satisfactory performance - in general, traffic is handled well, some shortcomings in specific areas are possible, but overall the logistics system is reliable and ready to handle predictable traffic volumes.
Inch performance is rated at 2.83. This indicates satisfactory performance - the customs clearance procedure is generally effective, although long times can occasionally be a problem; The customs system certainly does not hinder international business activity. Required documents and fees are usually publicly available.
Infrastructure quality in Montenegro is rated at 2.84. This indicates satisfactory quality - roads, railways, ports and other facilities are able to cope with significant traffic at all times, and are also suitable for various types of transport vehicles and ships.
International shipping quality is 3.15. It indicates satisfactory performance - the services are reasonable and the prices are not too high and are usually right up there with the quality, although there is still room for improvement.
The competence of logistics service providers is rated at 2.45. The competence of the providers is mediocre - they are able to guarantee a certain level of quality of their services, sometimes even outstanding, although their performance is usually still deficient in many aspects.
The tracking options for shipments are rated at 2.76. It indicates satisfactory performance - the tracking systems provide all the basic information, as well as additional data about shipments; In most cases there is also a well-established cooperation with foreign and international tracking systems and the provision of information is usually in several languages.
The tracking options for shipments are rated at 3.19. This indicates satisfactory performance - most shipments arrive on time and within scheduled timescales; Late arrival is still possible, albeit unusual.
In Montenegro, 100% of the population has access to electricity. Montenegro has 5 airports nationwide. There are 10,088 internet hosts in Montenegro. The number of road motor vehicles per 1000 inhabitants in Montenegro is 26.
Road network The total length of roads in Montenegro is 7,763 km (4,825 miles). Of these, 0 km (0 miles) of roads are classified as freeways, dual carriageways, or freeways.
Gas price On average, you would pay USD 1.6 for a liter of gasoline in Montenegro. A liter of diesel would cost $1.06.
Slovakia has a corporate tax rate of 22%. Companies that operate under VAT have to pay tax on purchases at 20%. Certain services, like those related to some foodstuffs, pharmaceutical products, medical equipment for disabled persons, books (excluding e-books), and others, benefit from a 10% VAT rate.
The joint-stock company, commonly abbreviated as JSC, is a public legal entity, meaning its shares can be publicly traded. Similar to a limited liability company, the liability of JSC shareholders is also limited by the capital contributed.
Authorized Capital The minimum capital amount for JSC is EUR 35,000 and this amount must be paid in full upon registration of the company. For certain legal entities such as insurance companies, banks and other non-bank financial institutions, the minimum share capital amount can be much higher.
Shareholder of the company Similar to a limited liability company, company shares can be owned by both legal and natural persons. But unlike a limited liability company, JSC shares can be bought and sold publicly. The maximum number of shares is unlimited and additional shares can be issued during the life of the company. There are different types of shares, and usually the voting rights of shareholders and the receipt of dividends depend on the category of shares. Typically, shareholders have the right to express their opinion on the management of the company and other issues such as profit distribution and council appointments. All shareholder decisions are made during a shareholders' meeting.
A council elects and dismisses the members of the board of directors. The Board of Directors is the executive body of the company. Unless otherwise stated, all board members represent the company collectively and decisions are made by voting. Only a private person can be a board member.
Documents needed for JSC formation in Latvia In order to register a company in Latvia, the following documents must be submitted to the Business Register of the Republic of Latvia:
Application form for company formation; agreement (or decision in the case of a sole shareholder) to form a company; articles of incorporation of the company; Bank reference confirming deposit of share capital; Directory of the register of founders of the company; confirmation by the works council; Confirmations of the board members of the company; Resolution on the legal address of the company signed by a member of the board of directors; Resolution on permission to register the company at the given address (signed by the owner of the property); Proof of payment of state taxes for company incorporation; Receipt of payment for a publication in the official newspaper "Latvijas Vestnesis"
JSC incorporation process in Latvia Incorporation of a JSC in Latvia is a complex legal procedure, which requires involvement of experienced corporate lawyers or incorporation agents. JSC incorporation generally consists of the following steps:
Collection of all necessary information and documents for the incorporation of a company; Preparation of the foundation documents for the incorporation of a company; Signing of the foundation documents (at the notary); Opening of a temporary bank account where the share capital is paid; Payment of state fees for the company formation and the publication in the official newspaper; Submission of the foundation documents to the Register of Enterprises of the Republic of Latvia; When the company is registered, you shall receive following documents:
Certificate of registration; Articles of association; Decision of the state notary of the Register of Enterprises of the Republic of Latvia Reporting to tax office JSC is obliged to report its financial statements once a year and a report on the company’s employee salaries must be submitted each month. In case the company’s turnover exceeds 50,000 EUR, it is obliged to register as a VAT payer. This also needs to be done if the company plans to export goods or services abroad. If a company is registered as a VAT payer, it has to submit VAT reports on a monthly basis.
Key Benefits of the Panama Private Foundation Establishing a private foundation in Panama offers the following benefits to its owners.
Confidential: Beneficiary names and addresses are not available to the public Tax Exempt: No taxation in Panama and no taxation on worldwide income Separate legal entity Simple structure: founder and beneficiary can be the same person; no obligation to appoint officers or directors Out of reach of creditors No annual accounts or auditing requirements
The Panama foundation is a type of private foundation specifically designed as an asset protection tool. Introduced by the Panamanian Government in 1995 (through the Private Interest Foundation Law), it is based on the principles of Swiss, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein family foundations.
The most obvious advantage of the Panamanian private foundation is that it is a distinct legal entity, independently capable of exerting its rights, executing agreements, acquiring property, etc.
On the other hand, the difference between an offshore limited liability company and a private foundation is that the latter does not engage in commercial activity and cannot be used for trading purposes. Nor is it to be confused with a corporation, which has owners and members.
However, a Panamanian private foundation can participate in investment activities: real estate, holding shares, bonds, patents, interests, stocks, etc.
Usually, a Panamanian private foundation is established for a specific purpose, according to which an individual or a group will benefit from the foundation. The Panama charitable public foundation is used for charitable purposes, whereas a Panama private interest foundation will most likely be set up in order to preserve and safeguard the inheritance of assets by family members or other individuals.
Low Maintenance Cost Territories are jurisdictions with particularly favorable tax systems where the annual maintenance costs of the company are lower. An effective tax planning strategy often revolves around these jurisdictions, as low taxes and maintenance costs are among the most effective and straightforward cost-cutting tools for any business.
Company maintenance
In general, company maintenance includes any operations that ensure a business is active in its day-to-day endeavours. In addition, many favourable tax jurisdictions require every international company to undergo a company renewal procedure on an annual basis, by submitting a renewal application and paying a certain fee to the state. In terms of tax planning, company maintenance is normally understood as referring to the expenses associated with paying taxes, state fees, stamp duties, charges and any other costs that may arise from operating a company. These include, but are not limited to:
Taxes
Import/export duties
Salaries
License fees
Office rental
Stamp duties
Annual renewal fee
Notary fees
State fees
Maintenance usually does not include any expenses directly related to business transactions, such as the cost of raw materials to be used in production or the purchase of goods for resale.
Depending on the jurisdiction, company maintenance can either be the biggest source of expenses (especially due to taxes and renewal fees) or a barely noticeable cost of conducting a profitable business. This is the main reason why jurisdictions with low maintenance costs are so popular with companies seeking to optimise their taxes.
Steps to maintaining a businessThe first step to effective business continuity is financial planning, including tax planning. A company needs to identify its biggest source of costs and then find a way to gradually reduce those costs. One of the primary goals of effectively maintaining a business is to reduce its tax burden and annual renewal fees. The second step is to choose a jurisdiction with low maintenance costs and an advantageous tax regime. Confidus Solutions is happy to share our expertise on the matter to help you analyze the options and select the best jurisdiction to incorporate. The third step is to move the actual company or incorporation to the jurisdiction of your choice. The details of this process may vary by jurisdiction and legal business structure, so each company should carefully consider which business structure is most beneficial in its particular case. In the long term, maintenance costs are mainly related to wages, taxes and equipment. Wages are effectively determined by the cost of labor in each jurisdiction, which in turn is affected by work culture, levels of education and skills, level of competition, and so on. Taxes depend on the legal business structure and the activities undertaken by a company - some will require licenses and patents that need to be renewed periodically with costs. Finally, the supplies needed depend on the business, but typically include rent (providing premises), utility bills (providing heating, electricity, water, etc.), and supplies such as petrol and office supplies.
Philippines emits 0.9 metric tons per capita of CO2. 71620 km² of Philippines's territory is covered in forests. and forest land comprises 21% of all the land in the country.
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